Debian based OS Light-Environment configuration

Configuration to have a lightweight system.

Repositories links

Just modify the file /etc/apt/sources.list deleting all sublinks of your country redirecting to the main repositores.

Shutdown System

Command to shutdown Linux Debian based OS using bash:

poweroff

Package Language Configuration

Add in .bashrc file:

export LC_ALL=C

Console Mode

In the file /etc/default/grub modify:

GRUB_TERMINAL=console
#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text"

Then, update the grub configuration:
```
sudo update-grub
```

Changing to text mode:

sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target

Changing to graphic mode:

sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

Or in text mode:
```
startx
```

mount SD Card

In /etc/modules file, add this line:

tifm_sd

And then in shell terminal, write:

sudo modprobe tifm_sd

Cores temperature

With this you can see the cores temperature.

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
sensors

sensors

Calendar

On the terminal:

cal -3

Language Keyboard Change

English US, international with dead keys

setxkbmap

Command to adjust keyboard:

ls /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols
cat /etc/default/keyboard
sudo setxkbmap -layout "us"
sudo setxkbmap -layout "us" -variant "intl"

Shells Manager

byobu

Multiples bash sessions in only one xsession

sudo apt-get install byobu

You can see a Byobu guide pressing here.

Package Manager

gdebi-core

Toolkits to install local packages.

sudo apt-get install gdebi-core
sudo gdebi packageX.deb

Disk Manager

gparted

Helpful to partition disk.

sudo apt-get install gparted

gparted

Process Managment

htop

Show all processes in execution on the processors.

sudo apt-get install htop
htop

htop

gnome-system-monitor

Graphical mode to manage processes:

gnome-system-monitor

Network Traffic

iftop

You can see how much traffic is interchanged between our host and remot host:

sudo apt-get install iftop
sudo iftop -i wlp7s0

iftop

nload

You can see all the traffic in all the interfaces:

sudo apt-get install nload

nload

slurm

You can see all the trafiic on a specific interface with colors:

sudo apt-get install slurm
slurm -i wlp7s0

slurm

tcptrack

Tells how much bandwidth is being used and also what protocol (service/port) and destination the transmission is taking place to

sudo apt-get install tcptrack
sudo tcptrack -i wlp7s0

tcptrack

Compress File

File Compressor, Files.

7zip Rar

Install:

sudo apt-get install p7zip p7zip-rar rar unrar-free p7zip-full

Compress folder basic to basic.zip
```
7z a basic.7z basic
```
Uncompress the file basic.zip
```
7z x basic.7z
```

Default Applications Modify

Exo-Utils

Default application manager.
```
sudo apt-get install exo-utils
```
Open and modify:
```
exo-preferred-applications
```

Update-Alternatives

The default application are:

gksudo gedit ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list

also:

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

or also:

sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator

for the program x-terminal-emulator or for all:
```
sudo update-alternatives --all
```
or also in GUI:
```
gnome-control-center
```
or also creating environment variable in ~/.bashrc:
```
export EDITOR="nano"
export BROWSER="firefox"
```
Then, updating:
```
sudo update-initramfs -u
```

Images Editor

GIMP

sudo apt-get install gimp

Text Editor

Vim

Similar to nano but with more functions:

sudo apt-get install vim

vim-img

You can see a Vim guide pressing here.

File System Manager

pcmanfm

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lubuntu-dev/lubuntu-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pcmanfm gvfs

ranger

Console file system

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ranger caca-utils highlight atool w3m poppler-utils mediainfo

Copy the configuration:
```
ranger --copy-config=all
```

Audioplayer

cmus

Music mp3 player:
```
sudo apt-get install cmus
```

Commands:

  :add /dir/path/ to add music from directory
  c to pause or play.
  v to stop.
  x to restart.
  + or - to increase or decrease volumen.
  TAB to change tabs.
  spacebar to open an element's content.
  z previous song.
  b next song.

cmus

Videoplayer

mplayer

sudo apt-get install mplayer
mplayer [Filename]

VLC player

Music, video, audio player.

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-pulse

Console mode:

vlc --intf ncurses [filename]
cvlc [filename]

Graphic mode:
```
vlc [filename]
```

Pictures viewer

gpicview

Install:
```
sudo apt-get install gpicview
```
Open an image or open gpicviewer and choose the file to open.
```
gpicview /path/to/file/image.jpg
```

PDF viewer

Zathura

Install:

sudo apt-get install zathura
zathura meow.pdf

To open a file, just write o” + tab and look for the path & file.
```
~/Desktop/direxample/Document.pdf
```

Web Browsers

Tor

Web Browser that use firefox.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/tor-browser
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tor-browser

Links

Web Browser that doesnt support imagen, videos, just text only.
```
sudo apt-get install links links2
```
Switch Meaning
- -g Web browser execute graphic environment.
- -mode Set graphic mode.
- -driver Specifies the graphic system.

Specification of the colors with 1024x768 and 16 million colours

links -g -mode 1024x768x16M
links2 -g www.google.com.pe
links www.google.com.pe

links

Lynx

sudo apt-get install lynx

lynx

Flash

Flash player, helful to see videos, images, etc

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install browser-plugin-freshplayer-pepperflash

Screen Shot

shutter

Console screenshoter

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:shutter/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install shutter

Full screen with a specific filename and is saved in our actual directory.
```
shutter -f -o shot.png
```
Full screen with a non-specific filename (by default is the timedate) and is saved on Pictures directory.
```
shutter -f
```
Area screen, specifying file:
```
shutter -s -o meow.png
```
Area screen
```
shutter -s
```

imagemagick

sudo apt-get install imagemagick
import -window root alScreenImage.png
import partOfScreen.png

Screen brightness

xblacklight

Install:
```
sudo apt-get install xbacklight
```
Increases brightness by 10%
```
xbacklight -inc 10
```
Decreases brightness by 10%
```
xbacklight -dec 10
```
Set brightness in 80%
```
xbacklight -set 80
```
Or more easily:
- Decreases by 10:
```
xbacklight -10.
```
- Increase by 10:
```
xbacklight +10
```

Sound Controller

alsamixer

Console mode - On/Off:
```
amixer -D pulse sset Master toggle
```
Modify the audio called ‘Master’:
```
amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-
```
Graphic mode:
```
alsamixer
```
Press F6 and choose PCH instead HDMI (projector sound audio) and modify Master.

Screen Background

nitrogen

sudo apt-get install nitrogen
nitrogen --set-centered /path/.i3/DragonInferno.jpg
nitrogen --set-scaled /path/.i3/DragonInferno.jpg

Network Manager

nmap

Helful to detect all devices connected on your network.

sudo apt-get install nmap
sudo nmap -sP 192.168.20.0/24

Graphic mode:
```
sudo apt-get install netdiscover
```
Ethernet:
```
sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.1.0/24
```

Wireless:

sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.1.0/24 -i wlan0

nmap

nmcli

nm-connection-editor

Graphic mode:
```
nm-applet
```

Connecting to a wireless net:

sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "netname" password "passwd"

Disconnect:
```
 sudo nmcli dev disconnect iface eth0
```
Show enabled devices:
```
sudo nmcli dev
```
Turn off/on wifi:
```
sudo nmcli r wifi off/on
```

Network Configiguration

wlan0/eth0 configuration

Types of security: Open/WEP/WPA/WPA2

Enabled/disabled the wireless/ethernet card:

sudo ifconfig wlan0 up/down
sudo ifconfig eth0 up/down

Look for a network to connect:
```
iwlist wlan0 scan
```

Connect to a network:

Security Open:
```
sudo iwconfig essid "netname"
```

Security WEP:

sudo iwconfig essid "netname" key ["HExadecimal_Clave_red"  o "s:decimal_key"]

Renews the dynamically-assigned IP address of a interface ethernet/wireless device.
```
sudo dhclient wlan0
sudo dhclient eth0
```

Interfaces configuration

Show all network configurations:
```
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
```

Dynamic (through dhclient)

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wireless-essid netname
wireless-key passwd
wireless-mode managed
  
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

Static

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
wireless-essid netname
wireless-key passwd
wireless-mode managed
address 192.168.100.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.100.0
gateway 192.168.100.1
broadcast 192.168.100.255
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
  
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.100.15
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.100.0
gateway 192.168.100.1
broadcast 192.168.100.255
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Then, restart the service:
```
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
```

DNS configuration

List DNS servers for internet domain name resolution.
```
cat /etc/resolv.conf
```
Result:
```
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
```

Hosts Configuration

Show Ip and hostsname asociated, we can add another hosts.
```
cat /etc/hosts
```
Show our hostname, we can change our hostname.
```
cat /etc/hostname
```
Show network interfaces:
```
ls /sys/class/net
```
eth0: ethernet
lo: local loop
wlan0: wireless

Ping hosts and ports

With hping3 we can ping a server through a specific port:

sudo apt-get install hping3

hping

Booteable USB

Terminal:

sudo dd if=[path_to_iso] of=[path_to_usb]
sudo dd if=~/Downloads/debian-7.4.0-amd64-CD-1.iso of=/dev/sdb

Graphical mode with Disk Creator.